Constraints on spatial transference of rainfall-runoff relationships in semiarid basins drained by ephemeral streams

نویسندگان

  • DIRK H. DE BOER
  • Dirk H. de Boer
چکیده

Field data on drainage basin response have a characteristic scale which is determined by the size of the basin investigated. As a rule, information obtained at one particular scale can be extrapolated over a limited scale range only. This study identifies the nature of constraints on spatial scale transference in a series of semiarid badland drainage basins ranging in area from < 1 to 202 260 m. Research focussed on the rainfall-runoff relationship during a single rainstorm so that the temporal scale was kept constant. Spatial scale transference between systems of differing scale was restricted by morphological and functional constraints. Morphological constraints are caused by morphological elements present in large scale systems but absent in small scale ones. Functional constraints arise solely from the characteristics of the matter and energy flows in the systems of interest. Limits imposed upon spatial scale transferences by morphological and functional constraints are fuzzy rather than sharp in character. Contraintes sur le transfert d'échelle spatiale des relations précipitation: ruissellement en milieu semi-aride Résumé La réponse hydrologique d'un bassin-versant est fonction de la superficie du bassin et on ne saurait extrapoler les résultats obtenus pour un bassin donné au-delà d'une étendue restreinte d'échelles spatiales. Cet article porte sur les contraintes affectant le transfert d'échelle des relations précipitations-ruissellement pour des bassins aliant de < 1 à 202 260 m en milieu semi-aride. Les données proviennent d'un même événement de précipitation ce qui permet de contrôler l'échelle de temps. Deux types de contraintes interviennent sur le transfert d'échelle des relations précipitation-ruissellement: les contraintes morphologiques propres aux spécificités morphologiques des grands systèmes et les contraintes fonctionnelles découlant des caractéristiques des flux de matière et d'énergie dans l'ensemble des systèmes en question. Les limites qu'imposent ces contraintes sur le transfert d'échelle des relations sont floues plutôt que précises.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Multicriteria design of rain gauge networks for flash flood prediction in semiarid catchments with complex terrain

[1] Despite the availability of weather radar data at high spatial (1 km) and temporal (5–15 min) resolution, ground‐based rain gauges continue to be necessary for accurate estimation of storm rainfall input to catchments during flash flood events, especially in mountainous catchments. Given economical considerations, a long‐standing problem in catchment hydrology is to establish optimal placem...

متن کامل

واسنجی و ارزیابی ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد مدل‌‌های ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژی IHACRES و SWAT‬در شبیه‌سازی روان‌آب

The runoff simulation have&nbsp; particular importance in Civil works, river training, design and planning of ground water resources, flood control and prevention of environmental hazards and reduction of erosion and sedimentation in the watershed. The runoff in each region varies according to climatic conditions, hydrological, soil and vegetation in the basin. Simulate these processes need to ...

متن کامل

Hydrology of small field plots used to study phosphorus runoff under simulated rainfall.

Use of small plots and rainfall simulators to extrapolate trends in runoff water quality requires careful consideration of hydrologic process represented under such conditions. A modified version of the National Phosphorus Runoff Project (NPRP) protocol was used to assess the hydrology of paired 1 x 2 m plots established on two soils with contrasting hydrologic properties (somewhat poorly drain...

متن کامل

Analysis of Sediment Production from Two Small Semiarid Basins in Wyoming

Data were collected at two small, semiarid basins in Wyoming to determine the relation between rainfall, runoff, and sediment production. The basins were Dugout Creek tributary and Saint Marys Ditch tributary. Sufficient rainfall and runoff data were collected at Dugout Creek tributary to determine the source of sediment and the dominant sediment-production processes. Because runoff from only o...

متن کامل

Dust storms and ephemeral lakes

In drylands, both dust storms and ephemeral salt lakes (playas) are common. Observations using remote sensing and ground studies have shown that these playas can be major sources of saline dust storms. Some basins have recently become desiccated as a result of water abstraction by humans, and these have become significant sources of dust. The timing and amounts of dust emissions depends on such...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2007